February & October Revolution & Effects | The Russian Revolution NCERT History | The cbse solver

February revolution in Petrograd

·         In the winter of 1917, situation in Petrograd was grim. Food shortages were there in the workers quarters.

·         On 22nd February a Lockout took place at a factory followed by 50 more factories joining the protest in sympathy.

·         Women also laid and participated in the movement and this day later came to be known as the international Women's Day.

 

The February revolution (CONTD.)

·         On 27th February the government suspended Duma and the politicians protested the measure.

·         The people were out with force once again.

·         On 27th February police headquarters were ransacked.

·         Cavalry was called out again but it refused to fire at demonstrators.

·         The government imposed curfew as the workers surrounded the fashionable areas and official buildings.

·         On the 24th and 25th government called out cavalry and police to keep an eye on them.

·         An officer was shot dead at the barracks of a regiment followed by mutiny. Joined the striking workers and formed a 'Soviet' or council called Petrograd Soviet.

 
Immediate results of February revolution

·         A delegation went to meet the Tsar. The military commanders have advised him to abdicate.

·         The Tsar abdicated on 2^nd of March.

·         A was formed by this Soviet and DUMA leaders to run the country.

·         The people involved were the parliamentarians, the military commanders, the workers, soldiers and women workers.

 

Effects of February Revolution

·         Restrictions on associations and public meetings were removed.

·         Soviet or councils were set up everywhere.

·         In individual areas factory committee were formed questioning the way the Industrialist ran their factories.

·         Soldier committees were formed in the army.

·         The provisional government saw its power declining and Bolshevik in-luence grow. It decided to take stern measures against the growing discontent.

·         lt restricted attempts by workers to run factories.

·         Peasants and their Revolutionary leaders pressed for redistribution of land.

·         Land committee was formed and peasants seized and between July and September in 1917.

 

October revolution

·         16th October 191 7 Lenin persuaded leaders from the Petrograd Soviet and his on bolshevik partyTo agree to a socialist seizure of power.

·         A military Revolutionary committee was formed to organise the seizure. It was kept a secret

·         Uprising begin on 24th October Prime Minister Kerenskii that the city to summon Troops.

·         Military men loyal to the government seized the buildings of 2 Bolsheviks newspapers.

·         Pro government troops were sent to take over the telegraph and telephone offices and protect the Winter Palace.

·         In response, military Revolutionary committee ordered to seize government offices and arrest Ministers.

·         The Aurora ship shelled the winter Palace. Other ships took over the strategic points.

·         All Russian Congress of soviets in Petrograd approved the Bolshevik action.

·         Heavy fighting in Moscow: By December the Bolshevik controlled the Mosco Petrograd area.

·         The people involved were Lenin, Leon Trotsky the Bolshevik leaders and troops.

 

Effects of October Revolution

• ·         Most industries and banks were nationalized in November 1917.
• ·         And was declared as social property and peasants were allowed to seize the                   lands of nobility.
• ·         Use of old aristocratic titles were banned.
• ·         New uniforms were designed for army and officials.
• ·         Russia became a one party state.
• ·         A process of centralised planning was introduced. This led to economic growth. 
• ·         Industrial production increased.
• ·         An extended schooling system was developed.
• ·         Collectivisation of farms started.